Chapters 5 & 6 Meiosis, Heredity & DNA
How dna works from jdrinks
Heredity and DNA Vocabulary 1) Nucleotide: subunit of DNA that consists of a sugar, phosphate, and a base
2) Recessive trait: trait that reappears in the 2nd generation after disappearing in the first (shown with a lowercase letter)
3) DNA: genetic material that is present in all living cells and contains information about traits
4) Rosalind Franklin: chemist who used X-ray diffraction to show DNA’s spiral shape
5) Sex-linked disorder: disorders that result from genes being carried on the X chromosome
6) Gregor Mendel: Austrian monk who used pea plants to show dominant and recessive traits
7) Punnett Square: diagram made of 4 squares that shows the possible offspring combinations for particular parents
8) Sex chromosomes: chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual (XX or XY)
9) Mutation: change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule
10) Genotype: entire genetic makeup of an organism (such as Gg or rr)
11) Deletion: mutation where a base is left out
12) Substitution: mutation where the wrong base is used
13) Heredity: passing of traits from parents to offspring
14) Selective breeding: when organisms with desirable characteristics are mated
15) Gene: one set of instructions for an inherited trait
16) Meiosis: process of cell division which results in production of sex cells (sperm and egg)
17) Dominant trait: trait that is always present in the first generation (shown with capital letter)
18) tRNA: translates the DNA message
19) Watson and Crick: built a 3-D model to show that DNA must look like a long twisted ladder (double helix)
20) Phenotype: an organism’s physical appearance (hair color, eye color, etc)
21) Insertion: mutation where extra base is added in
22) Walter Sutton: graduate student who studied grasshoppers and discovered that genes are located on chromosomes
23) mRNA: mirror-like copy of a DNA segment made out of RNA